Human activities are driving the rapid loss of biodiversity worldwide, marked by species extinctions, local population declines and extirpations. Conservation translocations have been widely used to reverse the effects of population extirpations, particularly through species-centred translocations aimed at locally restoring populations to enhance the conservation status of a focal species. Mammals and birds are overrepresented in translocation programs, especially the larger, more charismatic species that benefit from greater public support. Beyond this taxonomic bias, studies showed that European bird and mammal translocated species have a lower phylogenetic diversity than expected by chance. Moreover, these translocated species are highly evolutionary distinct, suggesting that the allocation of translocation efforts is not neutral to phylogeny. It is therefore important to consider the phylogeny of the groups subject to translocation programmes to understand the implications of these programmes for the conservation of phylogenetic diversity. Here, we assess how translocated plant species may contribute to the conservation of phylogenetic diversity among four European countries. Focusing on angiosperms, we explore if the conservation status of species is driving species translocations, and evaluate the taxonomic and phylogenetic biases of translocated plant species compared to national floras. Plant extinction risk increased as the geographical scale decreased, showing that there are more threatened IUCN categories among evaluated species at the national scale than at the European or global scales. Translocated species are often identified as needing conservation protection at national levels because although they are widespread, they are in decline in part of their range. Conservation translocations are thus driven by national conservation targets, which explains why international priorities may help secondarily to motivate translocation projects. Plant orders with high representativeness of translocated species also have high representativeness of native species, indicating that plant translocations have not favoured particular orders. Although taxonomic bias was low at the order level, translocated plants had a higher phylogenetic richness than expected by chance in most countries, being also individually more evolutionary distinct in France and Spain. Although evolutionary considerations are unlikely to have explicitly driven the decision to translocate species, our results suggest that a multitude of translocation programmes implemented independently, at the scale of several countries, have the potential to help conserve phylogenetic diversity and restore evolutionarily distinct species.